Here's a patent for the idea which just expired this year: https://patents.google.com/patent/US7059182B1/
Apple also patented some versions of this, although I think not as nice as the 2005 one: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9571150B2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden_Motion_Sensor
Though I don't recall iPods having that feature, nor can I find anything online supporting that claim.
Lenovo/IBM have a Free Fall Sensor in the laptop.
It is a bit bigger with protective shell around it is bulky, but withstood all the drops that a typical phone would break. There is some flaring around the screen and camera that it prevents most of scratches. The back has some sort of hard rubber but it held up well.
I've only had to replace the screen protector within 3 years as the scuffs and marks made it difficult to see in well-lit environment.
If the screen were reasonably scratch + shatter proof, I think most people wouldn't feel the need to wear a case.
Last time I broke the front screen of a phone was an HTC Evo.
So it seems like the screens are not easily broken anymore. Though that event did lead to me using a case on my next phone just to avoid chancing cosmetic damage on it.