No technique will allow you to reliably and efficiently solve a problem until the problem is well enough defined.
These are exactly the sort of problems that should show up in sprint retrospectives. Hopefully folk then generate ideas for solving them (e.g. PO breaking down stories further before the planning meeting, or devs getting more up to speed in the problem domain so they can grok brief feature descriptions more easily).
So - what's happening in your sprint retrospectives?
This strategy falls flat when the PM committed to a stakeholder that they'd get a feature done without defining it well or resolving dependencies, so now we have to sit for 15 minutes hammering it out.
Note that I'm not totally disagreeing, but textbook scrum and what-happens-when-people-spend-a-lot-of-money-to-develop-something scrum often diverge greatly.
The ultimate business purpose of scrum is to manage expectations. What's going to be done, when's it going to be done, if something's stuck who is responsible, etc. If the PM starts making wild promises and setting crazy expectations -- which PMs are wont to do -- all the methodology in the world isn't going to save you.
A better way is to just give a sufficiently large estimate: "That's 100 points* due to risk and uncertainty." If they want a more detailed estimate, then they have to give a more detailed story.
* - whatever will give you 6 +/- 3 months
In that sense the 100 point estimate is a real one - a "small" feature (eg. add a form to your web site) might be two or three weeks of work.