Most professional cameras still use ExFAT and AFAIK Microsoft doesn't charge inclusion of ExFAT drivers on these devices anymore.

However, sometimes devices format these cards in slightly specific ways they like (sector sizes, partition offsets and like) so the cards work well with the devices.

My Sony A7-III has an intelligent way of testing cards without reading/writing extensive data and reporting whether the card can handle particular video bitrates. I think SD cards have some tricks we still don't know as consumers much.