- construct a buoyancy-controllable drogue which would magnetically attach to a cargo ship, then hang behind and below it during transit
- load up the pseudoephedrine, or whatever, in (say) shanghai or during a stop somewhere near a supplier
- wait until the ship came near the US, then release the drogue offshore and pick it up with a boat
Seems almost foolproof, although I'd imagine marine capable technology is harder than my web developer's brain is envisaging, and you'd be betting lots of money that your little parasite didn't fall off.
I'm probably overthinking this, however, and you'd just pay someone onboard to keep some suitcases in their cabin, or something.