Funny how airplane mode didn't work.
That's just one of the quirks. Baseband and what qualcomm is tracking is way worse.
I recommend buying an old Motorola Calypso device and fiddling with osmocomBB, you can DIY an IMSI catcher pretty easily. And you'll be mind blown how many class0 SMS you'll receive per day, just for tracking you. Back in the days you could track people's phones remotely but the popularity of HushSMS and other tools made cell providers block class0 SMS not sent by themselves.
This wiki article is a nice overview: https://github.com/CellularPrivacy/Android-IMSI-Catcher-Dete...
???
Charge phone to full 100%. Turn it off.
Put it into a faraday cage, e.g. a steel box, for 7 days.
Take it out again and wonder why the battery is empty.
(The faraday cage has the effect of making the modem have to switch bands constantly, which costs more electricity than sleep mode in LTE)
Repeat the experiment a few times. Then cross over: liberate the caged phone, cage the free phone, and repeat the experiment a few more times. Or alternate the phones' positions between experiments. This mitigates hardware and software differences that might've been overlooked (such as a faulty battery, etc).
Analyze the results, draw your conclusions, publish, and encourage others to reproduce.
It can't just scream out into the void and hope a tower picks it up, it needs a few pieces of timing information & cell configuration beforehand.