Unless there is a polyfill for Firefox, it will be at least a couple of years before you can rely on this for public sites.
After that, it should take about 2.5 years for the feature to become Baseline widely available, and depending on your audience[0], you might be able to use it even sooner.
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=css-anchor-posi...
Really unfortunate because it lets Google get away with anything they want, they are the new standard. But then again, I'm reminded of how Mozilla has pissed away all the users goodwill, and it's not a surprise.
Doesn't this count? Been there for several years.