Right now nothing affects the underlying model weights. They are computed once during pretraining at enormous expense, adjusted incrementally during training, and then left untouched until the next frontier model is built.

Being able to adjust the weights will be the next big leap IMO, maybe the last one. It won't happen in real time but periodically, during intervals which I imagine we'll refer to as "sleep." At that point the model will do everything we do, at least potentially.