Just like the term "ultraprocessed foods" the term "sandwich" is very badly defined.
I can't determine whether the study differentiates between healthy home made sandwiches and junk food that contains some kind of "bread".
I can't determine whether the study differentiates between healthy home made sandwiches and junk food that contains some kind of "bread".
That would include baking your own bread which is not common in the US afaik.
That doesn't mean you can't find decent bread even at supermarkets, but it's not the default and quite a lot more expensive. The main exception in Ireland is Lidl, which sells decent bread for a decent price.
Sorry but this is UPF bread and their rolls are sometimes made in China.
> sell at supermarkets in Ireland or the UK
At least in London there are many shops now that sell bread that at least looks like bread (Ole & Steen, Gail's, ...). I can't remember any ingredient lists, so likely UPF as well...
All Lidls that I know only have an oven and bake delivered dough pieces (produced all over Europa, China, ...) full of artificial enzymes, glucose syrup, ... Might look like mediocre sourdough bread but is closer to a sponge.