What it’s actually about how to automatically automatically trigger a command on a Linux computer (almost certainly a laptop) in the event that it switches from AC power to battery power.
The example given is your laptop is plugged it at a café. Someone steals it, which involves unplugging it from the wall. At the moment it is unplugged it automatically shuts down, locks itself, etc.
I wonder if the same approach will also work for a computer connected to a UPS. Probably not!