Honestly, I don't agree with the mindset that frameworks and build steps should be avoided at all costs. Of course, you shouldn't pull in unnecessary NPM dependencies—that's just common sense. But using a compilation step or a framework can save you a lot of time and effort. For example, if you use a framework like Astro, you get a lot of functionality out of the box. If you try to do everything by hand, you end up copy-pasting the same header and footer into every HTML file. Then, when you want to update something, you have to manually change every single page. Trust me I been in that hell many years ago.

Frameworks solve these problems efficiently. Sure, some frameworks can be overly complex (I'm personally not a fan of Next.js), but that's a problem with the specific framework, not the idea of using a framework at all. But many frameworks make things much simpler and let you avoid reinventing the wheel. You could write your own scripts (in practice a mini-framework) but eventually you'll hit limitations, especially as your project grows or you start working with others. At that point, you'll probably end up switching to an established framework anyway.

If you're already using something like PHP with server-side rendering and templates, that's fine too—you've just chosen a different kind of framework (it is still some kind of framework. Just not a client-side one). I just don't buy into the idea that avoiding all build steps and frameworks is somehow more "pure." It feels a bit like a hipster take: "I'm going to write everything from scratch and avoid all tools just to show that I can."