https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2024/6355613
Simply running a gas burner generates about twice as much PM2.5 emissions as pan-frying a chicken breast on an induction stove. And of course gas generates pollution when you're boiling or steaming things, quickly reheating, or anything that doesn't involve burning / Malliard reactions / etc. Using gas means you are at the very least doubling the amount of pollution, and in most cases it's much worse than that.
On top of all that, ventilation does nothing for the environmental impact: https://concernedhealthny.org/2022/10/burning-fossil-fuel-in...
The cited study performed no measurement of gas cooking.
> On top of all that, ventilation does nothing for the environmental impact:
Gas used for cooking is not a meaningful contributor to our overall gas usage.
The only fix is proper ventilation. Which is unfortunate, because as you note many apartments and homes are not built for it... even in new construction.
Which might be a useful action point for regulatory intervention, rather than something which is much more performative than useful.