'People buy cars to drive them' : how long did you own your last EV car ? enough to pass the limit for the EV to become interesting ? You think all Tesla & BYD owners do that ? Don't think so ! So in the end your ownership (and 95% of the other) of an EV was more CO2 intensive than equivalent ICE because you don't keep it enough to become efficient. And don't talk about second hand use because this is clearly not the way our society is going; it's all about buying new stuff and changing cars every couple of years; huge hyprocrisy when you say that EVs need time to become more efficient than ICE.

'I'm sorry you can't be bothered to read your own link. This is in the footnotes as a source for it:' just click on the damn link, use google trad, find the paper and READ (not just troll as if I didn't) the recycling chapter by yourself ! It does not include real-world data, it's theoretical/research data IF batteries were recycled in EU/US with up to date processes. As of today 2025 all batteries are 'recycled' (joke..) in China/India by underqualified people with a CO2 cost WAY higher and this is NOT taken into account in the study. So yeah I'll say again : real recycling, the one we do right now IS NOT ACCOUNTED FOR !

Useless discussion anyway, you don't add any argument or source, just trolling on my words, nice !