For very hot data centers, evaporative cooling is still popular. This is from 2012 but I doubt much has changed.
https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/sustainability/gett...
https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/sustainability/gett...
Here’s a recent article from AWS about using closed-loop systems for their AI data centers: https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-liquid-cooling-data...
It's more economical to run chips hotter but at the end of the day you'll still have heat that needs dissipating and it's hard if not impossible to beat evaporative cooling in terms of cost.
Literally just do a google search. There are advancements every day that improve upon evaporative cooling to make it use less and less water and energy, and alternative methods other than evaporative cooling.