> It's literally axiomatic.
You've made up some axiomatic definition of "by publication" that does not bear any resemblance to the actual definition. Consider that it's possible to
1. Submit a preprint to arxiv and have it count
2. Submit a preprint to a journal and defend before it accepted (or rejected)
3. Not submit anything anywhere and have the PhD itself count (almost all PhDs get an ORCID)