This isn't anything like a compressor or heatpump system, but Peltiers get a bad rap... they move heat really well if you're not pushing them to the edge.
Here's a nice chart. At 10k difference and 0.1 current max, you're over 2.5 COP. https://www.meerstetter.ch/customer-center/compendium/71-pel...
$10 and an hour of deep cleaning later, and now we have a wine cooler in our basement. I don't recall the specs or power consumption offhand, but it does keep my beverage-of-choice a few degrees cooler than ambient. :)
Variable frequency drives have made running pumps and fans a lot more efficient, even residential HVAC equipment is starting to get EC motors or VFD driven A/C motors. I can run my 10,000 BTU (1kW) window unit at 68F for an entire month in the summer and it only costs $50 due to the variable speed fans and compressor pump.
What’s the use case for peltier coolers, wearable cooling?
I think most of the commercial bed cooling systems are thermoelectric (ChiliPad, Eight Sleep) and they seem to work fine, but by the time you get to the scale of a small fridge or dehumidifiers the products are generally awful.
But making tiny things with lithography is really cheap (in volume).
The middle ground is what one needs for a 10 watt vapor compression pump. And to my knowledge nobody has built a 1 watt pump with lithography - although an array of electrostatic scroll compressors does look like it could work.
It's a relatively small delta-T and in most climates a relatively small fraction of the overall cooling load, so it might just barely pencil out.