As someone who shamefully falls more in the hobbyist camp, even when they code in the workplace, and has always wanted to cross what I perceived as a chasm, I’m curious, where did most people who code for a living learn these skills?
Great teams do take that in account and will train newcomers in what it means to be a “professional” developer. But then the question becomes, how do you find such a team? And I don’t think there is a trick here. You have to look around, follow people who seem great, try to join teams and see how it goes
Practice clearly and concisely expressing what you understand the problem to be. This could be a problem with some code, some missing knowledge, or a bad process.
Check to see whether everyone understands and agrees. If not, try to target the root of the misunderstanding and try again. Sometimes you’ll need to write a short document to make things clear. Once there is a shared understanding then people can start taking about solutions. Once everyone agrees on a solution, someone can go implement it.
Like any skill, if you practice this loop often enough and take time to reflect on what worked and what didn’t, you slowly find that you develop a facility for it.