Apply PCB mask to copper sheet then laser etch it. UV printing has some more promise here, i just dont think FDM 3d printing is gonna be the solution.
Fiber laser etching is the way to go, the required equipment is already below $2000, and the process is quite simple. Additionally manufacturing copper/aluminium is next to impossible at home, considering their melting points.
You could even use a pre-masked copper plate (which is less reflective than copper), so your PCB would come with a mask.