I was truly shocked at how bad the experience is when you are using and RPM based distribution and a program is only available as a DEB
If it's FOSS, at least you have the option of trying to repackage it for your distribution. You're SOL if it's a proprietary application distributed in binary format. , though.
https://blogs.gnome.org/alexl/2017/10/02/on-application-size...
I can't speak for the others, but Flatpak is a layered solution, so files are deduped and shared across the layers (runtimes, applications) that need them.