How to squeeze computational space into time

Ran across this same video today and was hoping for some discussion. I did find these related posts though:

For algorithms, a little memory outweighs a lot of time - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44055347 (139 comments)

You need much less memory than time - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44212855 (11 comments)

Simulating Time in Square-Root Space - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43169091 (15 comments)