I do not know whether the state of the art is able to reason or not. The textbook example you gave is admittedly not very interesting. What you are hearing from people is that parroting is not reasoning, which is true.

I wonder if the state of the art can reason its way through the following:

"Adam can count to 14000. Can Adam count to 13500?"

The response needs to be affirmative for every X1 and X2 such that X2 <= X1. That is reasoning. Anything else is not reasoning.

The response when X2 > X1 is less interesting. But, as a human it might be "Maybe, if Adam has time" or "Likely, since counting up to any number uses the same algorithm" or "I don't know".

Seems ChatGPT can cope with this. Other examples are easy to come up with, too. There must be benchmarks for this.

Input to ChatGPT:

"Adam can lift 1000 pounds of steel. Can Adam lift 1000 pounds of feathers?"

Output from ChatGPT:

"1,000 pounds of feathers would be much easier for Adam to lift compared to 1,000 pounds of steel, because feathers are much lighter and less dense."

So, maybe not there yet...