> Why do companies still risk doing these kinds of things anymore?
Money
> Externally we have some amazing security researchers who look out and dig these things out - and try to hold the companies responsible.
At worst they get some bad PR but most people aren't listening to security researchers (or don't care). Companies aren't being held "responsible" for anything, maybe a small fine but that's just the cost of doing business.
> And what is the internal process? Wouldn't these intrusive and privacy violating features (to track users for ex) be captured in design docs, emails, chats, code changes/PRs - and up for discovery?
Yes, probably all these things exist. See also Apple talking about how to make linking-out sound as scary as possible. There are chats with employees brainstorming how to make it scarier to end-users to drive them back into the IAP flow.
> Aren't employees saying anything against these features?
Some are afraid of losing their job or getting branded as a non-team-player. Some don't care. It can be easy to get lost in "implement the spec" instead of "is what I'm building morally ok?"
> What culture are they building?
A bad one.
> What leadership are they demonstrating?
That they only care about money and what they can get away with. Even if they get caught the profits outstrip the fine by a large margin. "It's just numbers/business".
> It can't all be about money by any cost damn the users and their privacy/rights, right?
It is.