Step 2: Replace all grey cells with 1s.
Step 2: Replace all grey cells with 1s.
Step 1: Guess 11111.
Step 2: Replace all grey cells with 0s.
Thank you for your careful consideration.
I have no idea in practice. But for the thermodynamic limit of actually making a difference, any irreversible change requires heat to be generated, e.g. initializing to zero, truncating, or bitshifts with discarded information. In contrast, addition/subtraction/multiplication/bitshifts without over-/under- flow will not necessarily generate heat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s_principle
PS. you can also use mass-energy equivalence to extend this to calculate the lower limit of mass for a given quantity of information. TL;DR: The internet weighs 50g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaUzu-iksi8
Step 2: Flip all the non green cells.
guessing 00000 or 11111 removes that third state and leaves you with simple substitution of wrong cells, which leads to an optimal 2 step strategy.
but obviously the shortest strategy is just guessing it right on the first try :D lol
Right digit at the wrong place = wrong digit = you should flip it.
This puzzle won't take more than 2 guesses no matter what you input the first time.
Spoiler alert: There is a nice video by Captain Disillusion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ou7KSmfC3lA (the relevant part is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ou7KSmfC3lA&t=275s )
There is no such thing as a two, Bender!