So I guess you just don't have enough pressure to execute the down-to-earth migrations.
The engineering culture in DIGIT is abysmal and outside of it, totally inexistent. This can also explain the lack of progress.
This is in line with my experience, too. When asked why, they would usually mention 2 arguments: 1) additional work for not much extra value, 2) vendor lock-in.
Some 20+ years ago, their IT was fragmented but decent, pretty much on par with the private sector.
But then DIGIT started the centralization efforts, and it squeezed life out of internal IT departments across institutions and directorates.
DIGIT bought all of its Microsoft software from British crooks that defrauded the Post Office and were at the origin of the Horizon scandal .
DIGIT created the infamous framework contracts system that still siphons funds to Greek and Italian mafia.
DIGIT caught on Drupal quite early but managed to suck the soul of every Drupal developer that joined in.
Once in a while the arrogance and ignorance of DIGIT management let beautiful things flourish under the carpet. For many years the EU tender system was the only big website that used XSLT for its original purpose of rendering XML into HTML on websites.
What I am trying to say is that DIGIT has to be reformed and given clear operational instructions, e.g. no more cloud migrations and a 10-year period with checkpoints to bring everything back to earth.
They should also decentralize and nourish proximity IT services.
Also people responsible for money laundering, e.g. the individuals who signed the Fujitsu framework agreement or the European Dynamics framework agreement should be prosecuted.
They may claim these agreements were legal, but let the courts decide.