>The "pioneer spirit" is so core to the American identity and hard to replicate in Europe
Consider that the European frontier is either
- west: Americas (already done)
- south: Africa (not gonna happen again)
- north/east: drang nach osten (again, not to be repeated)
- up / down? Perhaps Europe needs to focus on space and mining tech?
Russia has a frontier, and they are pretty strong in engineering, but I doubt that a SV style ecosystem is likely to form, given the… ahem… unique cultural aspects.
All said, I disagree that a frontier experience is necessary: the UK, Germany and Austria-Hungary were massive industrial modernizers while the US was still going through its westward colonization.
Is tech an exceptional field, or just the current SotA in industrial development?