No, not especially. What Espanso does is watch keystrokes, looking for the specific combinations in the config to then expand the shortcut to whatever it's defined to do. There is similar functionality built into macOS/iOS but it's _far_ less featured.

In System Settings > Keyboard > Text Input > Text Replacements

Basically, it's a simple replacement tool, which works for some repetitive stuff (i.e. my name, my email address, my phone number, or a short string for closing out emails). Epsanso, and tools like it, do so much more.

Edit to add: Data detectors on macOS/iOS look for existing strings of text that you can then get more contextual options for. Things like dates and times might open up a calendar view, phone numbers might offer a menu to dial it, or addresses might offer the ability to open a map for it. Absolutely useful, but not the same thing.