You can see Ruby core perf improvements at the link below, going back 4-years.

Even though this is from the YJIT folks, they include the non-jit improvements as a comparison.

https://speed.yjit.org/history.html

Having upgraded one large and two small applications in the last few years, this is not my experience. Even without YJIT, just upgrading to Ruby 3.2 and beyond saw performance improvements over the same application on 2.7.

Huh? How is 2.7 the fastest ? There have been tons and tons of major performance gains since then, even without getting into yjit