The iPhone does that, when you have a sleep schedule set it will show you the alarm for the coming day and when you go turn it off it turns it off for the next day only (it prompts you to confirm you want to just skip the next one rather than edit the schedule).
They've got that one figured out, works really well for me.
This (and all the rest) are true. But why isn’t every repeated alarm on (phone, calendar) equipped with “skip N nexts”?
Pixel phones have that (pause for a number of days) - not sure about other Android or iOS
Android in general has it. I have a Nokia phone that does the same thing.
If you happen to be an iOS user you can setup a bedtime. Then there are controls to change your sleep/wake times for "next wake up only". Or to skip for a day.