> AI doesn't actually directly copy the material it trains on, so it's not easy to make this ruling.

IANAL, but it doesn't look that hard. On first glance this is a fair use issue.

What an LLM spits out is pretty clearly transformative use. But the fact that it pulls not only the entirety of the work, but the entirety of MOST works means that the amount is way beyond what could be fair use. Plus it's commercial use. Put it together and all LLMs are way illegal.