The idea is to trickle it very slowly, like keeping a cat occupied with a ball of fluff in the corner.
I don't think it's a terrible problem to solve these days, especially if you use one of the tarpitting implementations that use nftables/iptables/eBPF, but if you have one of those annoying Chinese bot farms with thousands of IP addresses hitting your server in turn (Huawei likes to do this), you may need to think twice before deploying this solution.
(Or rather, the tarpit should be programmed to do this, whether by having a maximum resource allocation or monitoring free system resources.)