Btrfs and bcachefs both have data checksumming. I think ReFS does as well.
ZFS has been in productions work loads since 2005, 20 years now. It's proven to be very safe.
BTRFS has known fundamental issues past one disk. It is however improving. I will say BTRFS is fine for a single drive. Even the developers last I checked(a few years ago) don't really recommend it past a single drive, though hopefully that's changing over time.
I'm not familiar enough with bcachefs to comment.