The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is similar. I find it most interesting when you turn it upside down - in any less than perfect language there are things that you either cannot think about or are difficult to think about. Are there things that we cannot express and cannot think about in our language?
And the terms "language" and "thought" can be broader than our usual usage. For example do the rules of social interaction determine how we interact? Zeynep Tufekci in "Twitter and Teargas" talks about how twitter affords flash mobs, but not lasting social change.
Do social mechanism like "following" someone or "commenting" or "liking" determine/afford us ways of interacting with each other? Would other mechanisms afford of better collective thinking. Comments below. And be sure to like and follow. :-)
And then there is music. Not the notation, but does music express something that cannot be well expressed in other ways?