Does anyone else find this...unsettling? Floating around in the void of space, alone, is an almost invisible monster that can gobble planets and stars.
Unless you cross its event horizon, its gravity works just like any other celestial object. Maybe at worst it slingshots you off in a different direction.
A small, lone black hole could be on an intersecting trajectory with us within a few years and we’d be completely oblivious.
With all that said, maybe it's better off if we were completely oblivious.
even that would be a slow death I suppose. Don’t think the Earth would just vanish instantly.
1) the Earth being flung out of the Sun's orbit
2) planetary orbits becoming disrupted such that an encounter with another planet over the coming years or millennia becomes likely,
2.1) which could eventually have the same "flinging away from the Sun" effect,
2.2) or (unlikely, but possible) result in a collision
2.3) or result in the Earth being shredded into asteroids
2.4) or other planets suffering that fate and then showering the Earth with dangerously-large asteroids over a period of decades or centuries until it's nearly, or actually (think: outright crust liquefaction from impacts) lifeless.
than the Earth actually getting swallowed up, by at least an order of magnitude.
IOW, the most-likely "we're all dead" outcomes for us, from a close encounter with a massive rogue anything really, including a black hole, might take years and years to play out.
But any specific random example, is often brutally hard to see.
Is this what would happen if we got slurped into a black hole? I was hoping for something more exciting …
Which I am delighted to note, since the last time I referenced it, appears to have fallen out of copyright, so I can link straight to it on Project Gutenberg: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/51461/pg51461.txt
I’d probably welcome the quicker demise tbh
I may be misunderstanding the distances involved but wouldn't such a collision take centuries if not thousands of years to play out? For the most part it would just look like we had 2 suns, one of which gets a few millimeters bigger (to the naked eye) every year.
Have you seen the Walking Dead?
Still not super likely, but I would think far more likely than a direct hit by a black hole.
Space: 1999. Do you happen to be french or polish?
In Germany they called it "Mondbasis Alpha". As I child I really liked this series and it's predecessor UFO made by the same team (Gerry and Sylvia Anderson of Thunderbirds fame).
There's a fan driven update called Space: 2099 that improves some of the more dated aspects of the show, including showing the Moon enter some type of portal or wormhole to make suspension of disbelief easier. While the Special Edition releases of Star Wars often suffered from updating certain aspects, especially special effects, the Space: 2099 changes were generally good for the show. Too bad they're unable to fund raise enough and get permission to do the entire series.
Direct interaction isn't needed for havoc. A supermassive object sweeping by the Solar System could destabilize Jovian orbits. In the Nice model, Neptune flung Kuiper belt asteroids sunward, gifting the inner planets with a late heavy bombardment.
Rogue gas giants, brown dwarfs accelerated to relativistic speeds, giant asteroids approaching from the Sun's direction, Carrington Events, an ill-directed gamma ray, etc. So many ways life on Earth can see its 250 million remaining years cut short, and those are only a few of the cosmic threats we can imagine.
A black hole with a Schwarzschild radius of 20 km would weigh about 6.8 Solar masses. It wouldn't even need to get super close to affect the Solar System.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea_Proxima
Life might very well exist on earth even through those conditions, but not to the extent we have today.
Wikipedia's "Timeline of the Far Future" lists several:
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future>
We likely exist in the late afternoon if not evening of Earth's habitable period.
I was playing with Universe Sandbox over the weekend trying to figure out how to terraform Venus. Changing its axial rotation period to a day to match the Earth while I screwed around with its chemistry was enough to cause Europa and some of the other famous moons of Jupiter and Saturn as well as Charon to yeet themselves outside of the solar system within about 10 or 20 years of simulated time.
But for what it’s worth, it’s also just so incredibly unlikely it’s not a scenario worth thinking about either, and thinking about it too much just invites existential dread.
Apparently the Roman Space Telescope will be great at detecting these, if it doesn't get cancelled.
So I don't think the 'Lindy Effect' would apply as species are mostly perishable, just on longer timeframes. Humanity is hopefully the exception, but absence of evidence of other advanced intelligences in the universe doesn't paint the most promising picture there either. On the other hand we're already on the cusp of colonizing other planets and once that process begins the odds of humanity ever going extinct will approach zero. On the other hand at greater distances "humanity" will likely splinter fairly quickly (relative to on a geologic or even species survival timeline) into numerous distinct species.
Deliberately hitting things in space is hard, accidentally, more-so.
Consider the chance of our sun getting whacked when the entire Andromeda galaxy gets here ... billions or more likely trillions to one. The chance of a single mass in our own galaxy getting us should be less than that.
edit: as far as I know the only difference between getting gobbled by a black hole v.s. anything else is our atoms won't get to continue their evolution into larger atoms in this universe. (or maybe see it as our atoms get to complete their evolution in this universe)
Imagine a black hole on the quite small end, intersecting the core of a planet. Unlike regular matter, it can't really produce bow shock through collisions, right? All the target matter in the direct path just "falls in" and in elastically reduces the black hole momentum a tiny bit?
Some matter outside the direct path could be accelerated towards the black hole but slingshot behind it, rather than into it. So this material could produce an impressive wake, with material spraying outward from the collision path and interacting with the remainder of the target.
But, all this visible chaos comes from gravity rather than more direct kinetic interactions, right? If the black hole is moving faster, doesn't the target's material gets less gravitational acceleration as it spends less time in the near field? So, if the blackhole is moving very fast, does it bore a smaller hole and have less interaction with the target? Or do other effects of relativity make this more convoluted to think about?
I'm imagining a cylindrical plug of a planet "instantaneously" disappearing, and then the remainder of the planet collapsing inward to fill the void, bouncing off itself, and ringing like a bell.
When a black hole accretes matter, the matter can create tremendous radiation before it crosses the event horizon due to the atoms experiencing many effects such as rapid nuclear fusion and becoming new forms of matter such as neutronium. The precise amount of energy released depends on spin, charge, and size of the black hole, and the speed at which the matter approaches the black hole.
If a tiny black hole (Let's say 10cm across) ripped through the earth at significant speed it would be like the center of the planet momentarily became the center of a star and (hand waving a bunch of assumptions) the total energy could easily be greater than the gravitational binding energy of the planet. The planet would explode.
(1) We can launch a rocket that has a payload that hits the sun: it's just costly to do because the rocket starts out orbiting the sun, so we would have to expend delta-v to neutralize the tangential component of the initial velocity.
(2) If you are in a space ship heading towards the sun, it is easy to hit the sun as long as you can steer, and even if you can't steer, if you are heading squarely at it and no planet gets near you to change your velocity, you will hit it.
Your comment would be just fine without the first sentence.
This 3 day old comment was not flagged until just now, what I said is not a swipe at all.
Somehow, I can't edit a 5-minute-old post.
Looking over account histories is standard moderation; of course we do that.
Not sure how you got from me responding to two of your posts in this thread that I was "targeting" you for something in some other thread.
Most things that approach a black hole aren't trying to hit it.
It's hard if you aim at the Sun. So don't do that.
You just have to kill your starting orbital velocity relative to the Sun (the efficient way is to fly away out from Earth to higher orbit and then kill your orbital velocity rather than just immediately killing the orbital velocity you get from Earth at Earth's orbital distance -- we can launch craft with enough delta-V to do the former, but not quite the latter, IIRC, with current technology.
> Things don't just get sucked in.
They do unless they have a sufficient component of their velocity at right angles to the Sun to avoid doing that, but that's a solvable problem. You don't hit the Sun (easily) by thrust at the Sun, you hit it by thrusting at right angles to it, in the direction opposite whatever component of velocity you currently have orthogonal to the Sun, and gravity will take care of the rest.