British rebellion against Roman legions caused by drought, research finds
theguardian.com
theguardian.com
All other issues people will complain about, but never act on en-mass.
Next three days, you mean?
About the fall of the Soviet Union, a lot of it was caused by each one of the GP's factors and the mass-murdering. You seem to want a clear case with a well defined "fall", but theirs wasn't it (like any supranacional empire).
Right, yet mass murdering in the USSR stopped 30 years before its collapse. Of course it was still an oppressive totalitarian state but nowhere close to Stalin’s day.
It kind of the opposite. USSR collapsed a few years after the party loosened its grip and began liberalizing. Freedom of the press (to a limited extent) fair elections began a cascade.
On the other hand during the great purge in the 30s and later the 40s there was very little and effectively no organized opposition (outside of a few recently occupied peripheral states)
you do make a point that nobody revolted during the purges, fear and killing opposition can be stabilizing. Removing fear (by say liberalization) can embolden opposition to act fast and get rid of perceived tyrants / avenge past transgressions.
If there even is one. In the USSR most reformists or people who achieved real power after the collapse were opportunistic party insiders who were at the right place at the right time. There were some exceptions of course.
> afganistan war killed a lot of people, food shortages would kill others too.
Not that many in relative terms. Even according to independent estimates it was ~26k over 10 years (compared to 1-3 million Afghans..). That was of course much more than what NATO/etc. lost in their war but several times less than what Russia is losing now in Ukraine every single year.
And of course there was no famine in the USSR in the late 80s (and as for general shortages the worst came when the collapse was effectively inevitable).
I'm curious on what you base this information on. Having lived that period and experiencing first hand the shortages, I can say the opposite.
> In the USSR most reformists or people who achieved real power after the collapse were opportunistic party insiders who were at the right place at the right time
That is generally what happens with revolutions. In some places it got better though. Not all ex-USSR ended up like belarus or russia.
You mean your are aware of an actual famine in the UUSR in the late 80s?
> Not all ex-USSR ended up like belarus or russia
None besides the Baltic states did well though (and they are somewhat special due to historical and diplomatic reasons). All other states are generally very poor and extremely corrupt (even those that have m have lots of oil like Azerbaijan).
I have lived through the time period and have experienced the shortages first hand...
Can you say the opposite?, that life was good?, that people did not starve?, where did you learn that?
> that life was good?
Never made such claims or that there were no shortages. Famine is something else though..
Of course they ate much more grain products and potatoes and relatively little meat (and AFAIK it wasn’t very good quality at all anyway).
And of course tropical and out of season fruits were a huge luxury..
That one is also common on places with violent governments. The people organize themselves, fight for survival and get some victories; the government makes concessions; the people say "too little, too late" and keep fighting for more until they get meaningful change. If you look, the English Revolution also got the most impressive results way after the kind had loosened his rules.
The USSR relied heavily on imported grain and fertilizers from the US by the 1970s-80s [0], but the Carter administration placed a sanctions regime on the USSR preventing them from importing inputs for farm as well as grain [1].
Successive bad harvests lead to food shortages by the early 1980s [2][3]. Because of the Afghan War and the weapons buildup race with the US, there just wasn't as much money available for the Soviet administration to help alleviate social pain.
Those shortages (remember the photos of long lines at near empty groceries stores) along with Perestroika meant a lot of pissed off people went to the streets.
[0] - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_United_States%E2%80%93S...
[1] - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_grain_embargo_...
[2] - https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/15/world/soviet-food-shortag...
[3] - https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-11-18-mn-8360-s...