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I don't think interfaces like ASGI/WSGI etc are that similar to FastCGI. The crucial difference is that FastCGI is a protocol, something you need to do IO for and crucially something you need to parse. In contrast ASGI etc by virtue of being in-process and specific to the language can provide an true API. In many ways FastCGI is closer to HTTP than ASGI.

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That does make sense: an application server like Gunicorn talks ASGI with the application, but Gunicorn itself speaks plain old HTTP with the outside world (or reverse proxy). No more need for FastCGI inbetween.

That is in line with what the article is saying. Thanks for clarifying.

WSGI and FastCGI are not mutually exclusive. They talk to each other. They can both be part of the same stack.

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