https://www.aspi.org.au/report/aspis-two-decade-critical-tec...
https://www.aspi.org.au/report/aspis-two-decade-critical-tec...
China leads in 57 of 64 technologies but the US leads in only 7?
It ranks China far ahead of the US on aircraft engines, of which, China can’t even produce its own right now. What?
(and they are now producing their own engines, as seen on their new fighters, though they aren't believed to be ahead yet.)
They do lead in many areas now. They have a lot of engineers, hands-on manufacturing heft at scale (inc. a lot of internal competition), and a government that has been pumping and subsidising physical industries for many years.
Will China eventually catch up? Absolutely.
But I’d temper any fear of China pulling ahead in research when they can’t even put today’s technology into full production.