I have some ideas about operating system design (and stuff relating to the CPU design, too) to help with this and other issues (e.g. network transparency, resisting fingerprinting, better user programmability and interoperability, etc). This means that it is fully deterministic except I/O, and all I/O uses capabilities which may be proxied etc. Libraries may run in separate processes if desired (but this is not always required). However, other differences compared with existing systems is also necessary for improved security (and other improvements); merely doing other things like existing systems do has some problems. For example, USB will not be used, and Unicode also will not be used. Atomic locking/transactions of multiple objects at once will be necessary, too (this can avoid many kind of race conditions with existing systems, as well as other problems). File access is not done by names (files do not have names). And then, a specific implementation and distribution may have requirements and checking for the packages provided in the package manager and in the default installation (and the specification will include recommendations). These things alone still will not solve everything, but it is a start.

I don't really know because I haven't put work in to investigate, but some things in that direction seem to be, possibly in order of some combination of maturity and comprehensiveness.

  - CHERI compartmentalisation
  - LavaMoat (js)
  - Scala "capture checking"
  - Java "integrity by default"

I have no freaking idea. Needless to say I don't think our current operating systems are up to the task of actually being secure. You have to be able to somehow dynamic-link in a library whilst only giving calls into that library certain permissions/capabilities... which I don't think even Windows can do.