Does btrfs solve any of these issues? And if so, how?
The ZFS stand on this is that nothing can go wrong. If something does go wrong, which by the way is impossible, you better have your backups ready because you are on your own.
If you are runninga a system at a scale where ZFS makes sense and not making backups of critical data, your operations process is fundamentally broken anyway. ZFS doesn't change the need for backups one bit (and it brings to the table some novel ways of doing offsite snapshots and whatnot, to boot)