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Write! No, fsync! No, really fsync I mean it!

Wait, why is my disk throughput so low? And why am I out of file descriptors?

Article is focused on Ceph where FS is a frontend to the storage backend(s), now read the title again...

> Wait, why is my disk throughput so low?

Because many filesystems do fsync wrong, for reasons that are not inherent to filesystems in general.