Violators are immediately arrested and charged. I hate to see top-level exceptions to both record-keeping and mishandling of classified information. That's where they do the most damage.
As others have noted, the flaw in using Signal on consumer phones is due to vulnerabilities in the phone itself. And it was wrong to use consumer phones.
That said, I was recommending Signal to friends in order to have online discussions, using the conferencing feature, since it is cross-platform and cross-device. However, one friend lost their Apple login and can't install software on their phone. I sent a very long explainer on how to reset it.
Guess I'll try face-time conferencing, which works on Apple Devices [0] and will work with others via web [1]. Requires ios 15 or Monterey to initiate.
We have been using free, limited, zoom sessions.
[0] https://support.apple.com/en-us/111767 [1] https://support.apple.com/en-us/109364