- defining who your customer is (demographics, income, etc.)
- gathering feedback from the customer through surveys
- using that information to iterate on products/launch new products that solve your customers pain points (if half your customers are left handed this will tell you that you need to design your product for left handed people as well)
- packaging and designing how your product will look on the shelves
- defining price points based on the data you gathered from your surveys
Not to be a jerk but it sounds like the author of this post hasn't even taken a Marketing 101 course if he's defining marketing as writing blog posts...