There's a book about this! Lewis Dartnell's "The Knowledge". I'm not saying it's actually a real answer, but it's fun in a sort of mental Dwarf Fortress kind of way.
I don't know that I thought it was a great book, but it was a book-length description of a version of Dwarf Fortress I would definitely play. :)
The Knowledge also works with a slightly different set of constraints, in that it's explicitly about rebooting --- that takes a lot of fossil fuel options off the table, for instance, because all the easy-to-get coal and oil has been taken.