I think you've made some good points.* whatsapp
* linkedin
* facebook
However:
> All the non-USA-allies developed their own markets
I have friends and family in India, and I'm not aware of homegrown alternatives to any of the following:
* gmail
* amazon
* google search
* spotify
* yt shorts
On that last one, when India banned TikTok overnight, it was a golden opportunity for a different homegrown alternative to step in, but it looks like YT/IG captured most of that market.
Happy to be corrected, though. If you have concrete examples, that'd be good to know!