http://www.sfgate.com/sports/ostler/article/Missy-Franklin-s...
"Chinese 16-year-old Ye Shiwen astounded everyone with her finishing kick in the 400 IM. London's Daily Mail newspaper sent a reporter to Ye's hometown to interview her parents.
They told of their only child being selected at age 6 to be schooled in an elite full-time swim program. At 11 she turned "pro" and entered what was basically a work camp for kiddie phenoms, one of 20 selected from a pool of 20,000 candidates. Between ages 11 to 14, Ye was allowed one brief visit with her parents each week and one brief phone call home, many of them very tearful.
The parents talked of missing their daughter terribly, but Ye's mom said, "In the West, you pay a coach to turn you into an athlete. But in China, the state pays, so you have to sacrifice something in return.""
If you are very poor and the party offers your kids education, food and a career. I doubt if any parent wouldn't let go their kids.
Its basically like putting up your kid for adoption. People do that when they have no way out. If they had absolutely any other option, trust me they would keep their kids with them.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2012/01/20/145360447/the-secr...
So it was 1978 and a lot of 'capitalism' has happened since, but the Party is still in charge.
EDIT: Basically what you see theorique implying below.
Children are being kidnapped. Believe me, if the local Party official came to a house in the West and said 'we're taking your child to athletic school, aren't you happy!' it would be considered kidnap.
I suppose you could whisper in the child's ear 'remember to under perform when you want to come back'.
Now that is ridiculous.
Think of the great shame you would bring on your family and your entire village to know that your family rejected the opportunity to have your child participate in national athletics. Also, you have a nice house and a nice family here and it would be a real shame if some kind of terrible accident happened to them.
Ah, you've changed your mind about your youngest daughter participating. Excellent. She will bring honor and glory upon our great nation."
India might be a democracy in name, but rule of law is very poorly enforced.