The outage doesn't fit the pattern of a bad deployment. X was down all over the world all at once. There was multiple outages and the site was browning out while it was up.

If a deployment caused it, they would roll back and not try again until they found the issue.

https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1899149509407473825

Elon states it's a massive cyberattack and he suspects a nation state is behind it. [paraphrasing]