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It's explained under the first link from the article [0]:

"A new type of interpreter has been added to CPython. It uses tail calls between small C functions that implement individual Python opcodes, rather than one large C case statement."

[0] https://docs.python.org/3.14/whatsnew/3.14.html#whatsnew314-...

Well if you’d bother to read it, you’d discover this is about tail calls in C, not in Python. It has nothing to do with tail recursion in Python. Guido has explicitly said that Python will never have it.

A big chunk of the performance gain comes from the fact that with tail calls the CPU doesn't have to reset the registers (configured through the `preserve_none` calling convention).