LLMs generating just-in-time UI has a lot of interest and effort going into it. It's usually called "generative UI" or "dynamic UI generation". It was a pretty hot about a year ago. Here's a HF blog on it https://huggingface.co/blog/airabbitX/llm-chatbots-30. Also check out Microsoft's Adaptive Cards. Nielsen Group wrote about it too. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/generative-ui/

The problem is it's hard to come up with better examples than your toy examples of weather and maps. Goodness there are so many travel planning demos. Who actually wants the context switch of a UI popping up mid-typed-sentence? Is a date picker really more convenient than typing "next school break"? Visualizations are interesting -- but that changes the framing from soliciting input to densifying information presentation. Datagrids and charts'll be valuable.

Anyway, it's a space that's still starving for great ideas. Good luck!