You must use it really, really, really sparingly. There are cases where it's useful, but they're pretty rare. When you do it, you need to document the crap out of it.

I've been lucky never to hit any code where someone did this kind of thing without taking that into consideration, so I can't say how bad it gets when it's screwed up. Used sparingly it can be pretty nice, but you have to be really sure you're not just overcomplicating things for no good reason.

When you do, please recommend one of the techniques/libraries that properly generate super calls.

I only use it in cases where an underlying framework does not expose or provide the functionality I need (and subclassing is not an option). I wouldn't necessarily say it means these frameworks are not well-designed though.

It's also useful for developing developer tools (for the same effect as interposing).

Yes, at least in unit tests.

Sometimes you need to call stuff which you cannot work around so it is required to patch calls.