This is so absurd it's getting to the point where it's laughably evil.
No, the US has far simpler and completely free methods to do this. For example, look at how travel works. You can't use any US federal dollars to fly on non-US airlines unless it's impossible to do so (with some other caveats we won't go into here).
What the US should do is simply declare, no US federal dollar can go to any AI chip that's not produced in the US. No US federal dollar can go into running training or inference for any model that isn't using GPUs produced in the US.
That's it. An instant massive market is created. Without taxpayer dollars. Without subsidies.