In my experience, after now something like 5 years of using Tailwind in projects large and small, it scales reasonably well. You just do what the authors suggest: encapsulate styling in components instead of CSS classes.

Now, that isn't quite the panacea it can sound like. The standard components like buttons and dropdowns are solved quickly and then you have the unusual components that always show up here and there, which are more likely to stand out. But, that was my experience with BEM/Bootstrap/whatever before that as well.