Taxes are a great parallel in many ways:
1. massively complex
2. issues are fixed by adding more complexity (to fix a security issue, close a loophole).
3. users do not understand how it works (but nonetheless have strong opinions).
4. there is never more than token attempt to clean up bloat (although lots of talk about it)
5. The complexity leads to unintended consequences.
As an example if a business pays an employee in the UK:
1. the business (employer NI) pays a payroll tax on the amount paid
2. they deduct another tax (employee NI) based on he employee's weekly income (but if self employed it depends on annual profits, if both its gets complicated).
3. another tax based on the employee's annual income ("income tax").
The second tax is often thought by people to be hypothecated to fund the NHS (many decades ago it funded, and gave people paying it the right to use, the govt funded healthcare before the NHS) or to be used to pay their pension (its hypothecated to do so, but is mostly used to pay current pensions, but for the last few decades how much you pay is not linked to how much you get, which depends on how may years you either paid it, or just fell short of paying it, or claimed certain benefits). its main real purpose these days is to disguise the fact that you pay more tax on earned income than unearned income.
A consequence of this is that one person businesses that work through company (rather than directly self employed) will pay themselves as employees just short of threshold at which income tax start and then pay themselves dividends because corporation tax + income tax on dividends comes to less than employer's NI, employee NI plus income tax.
So, one loophole and a lot of complexity, but any attempt to change it is strongly opposed by people who gain from the current system, but the real reason it continues is that most people do not understand how it all works. Quite a lot of people do not really understand how even the simplest of those taxes works.